Theory of the Derive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory of the Derive - Essay Example Thus, it quotes from social and city observers about characteristics of derive, such as that of Chombart de Lauwe (1952),who described, â€Å"an urban neighborhood is determined not only by geographical and economic factors, but also by the image that its inhabitants and those of other neighborhoods have of it,† (Debord, 1952, P 5). It then provides the viewer – the derive actor – a thought, interpretation, or meanings. When it comes to nature, many forms of derive may be obtained, and contrasting thoughts and impressions may be formed depending on where or what the viewer may go through. While it is possible to describe a natural environment as â€Å"untouched† by humans, it no longer applies to being â€Å"undisturbed.† Human activities already altered much of nature, touched and untouched. Indirectly, no stones have been left unturned, so to speak. However, this does not limit nor impede nature derive for one who remains optimistic. One sees many aspects of visual representations: line, shape, balance, form, symmetry, asymmetry, volume, color saturation, contrast and unity. In the exploration of line, some of nature’s products are seen with straight, almost straight, and even curvy lines from tree trunks to leaf features. Many are repetitive, forming symmetry and unity. If one goes deeper, one may inspect the bamboo trunk, with fibers of lines, thousands of them per stem. These can be separated and still form lines like the one seen on synthetic fabrics as is they were engineered to be such. Perhaps, they were engineered by higher forms to be such. Bamboos are structural materials, or even materials for fabrics as is. Bamboo Fiber. Source: Wikipedia, 2011. When it comes to shapes, many representations are sky-inspired. There are the sun, moon and stars, with the moon forming several shapes in the span of a month. There are snowflakes, raindrops, even lightning. Mountains are often pyramidal, or triangular, imitated b y human dwellings with their rooftops. There are oblong fishes, and billions of leaves with thousands of variations. Then there are rocks of varieties of spherical shapes, odd and common. The light that emanates from some of these rocks also inspire their own shapes: say a diamond. We will never get enough of flora’s balance and form. Perfect radiances of flower petals, a center with its attractive colors and forms, and shapes, or even volumes of stigma, anther, and filaments that have for thousands of years attracted many derive experiences. It is how they have occupied important roles in human interaction and survival. In fact, even in afterlife. Flowers represent to humans a lot of things, generally positive and celebratory. It melts anger, pain, and sorrow. It unites, welcomes, refreshes, cheers, consoles, applauds. Flowers have performed well and good to the human experience they continue providing derive experiences of immeasurable pleasure until now. Source: http://flo wers-show.com/ But derive is not all about optimist impressions. As mentioned earlier, there are also negative aspects of natural environment derive experiences which had been influenced by human â€Å"‘touch†, whether nature liked it or not. Through greedy consumption, mindless disposal and major economic activities, nature in many aspects of its existence have been negatively affected by humans. Take for example the latest sea oil spill. Take a look at what volume may mean below: (Source:

Discussions Of Population Growth And Resources Environmental Sciences Essay

Discussions Of Population Growth And Resources Environmental Sciences Essay Natural resources are a subject of constant debate in the contemporary political and economic scene. Forms of appropriation, exploitation and trade of such resources affect in crucial way international relationships, and they are even a cause of violent conflicts. But its importance goes further. Their allocation has been always a crucial element due to its effects in the economy; its possession determines the economical organization and political development of a region. Today, there is an increasing awareness of the need for production systems to incorporate the objective of sustainable development. In order to manage this, natural resources should be renewal, in the sense that they are the determining condition for sustaining a long-term economic dynamic. Looking at this approach, natural resources are regarded as a link between societies and the environment. But what is the really relationship between population and natural resources? Is it sustainable? The study of interactions between population growth and the environment has a long history. According to Malthus 1, a growing population exerts pressure on agricultural land, forcing the cultivation of land of poorer and poorer quality. This environmental degradation affects natural resources and reduces the marginal product of labor and, through its effect on income, lessens the rate of population growth. The result is an equilibrium population that enjoys low levels of both income and environmental quality. But, the modern economic models replace agricultural land with nonrenewable resources. In this model, natural resources impose a limit to economic growth, with population pressures reducing economic development as scarce natural resources are exploited more intensively. However, a more recent theme in discussions of population growth and resources is the importance of environmental quality, measured by the stock of forests or by absence of air and water pollution. In this view the environment is seen not as a factor that limits productivity as populations expands, but as good whose quality is degraded by a growing population. In fact, population pressures, for example, are frequently cited as a cause of deforestation: population growth, by increasing the need for arable land, encourages the conversion of forest land to other uses. Moreover, it is related to the major cause of air, water and solid-waste pollution. In the past, the main cause of alarm was the depletion of natural resources. Many specialists repeatedly calculated how long the reserves of coal, oil, etc., will last. Now source of alarm is an entire complex of questions relating to the interaction between man and the environment. As in any other natural ecosystem, the increase in population means an increasing pressure on it. In the case of the human population, such pressure is even greater because it is not only a numerical increase, but also associated with the creation and diversification of new needs. This qualitative aspect is reflected in demands on resources, which are scarcer and scarcer. 2Nevertheless, the effects of population growth cannot be discussed independent of other factors that can cause resource and environmental pressures. While it makes sense to ask about relative importance of population in causing these pressures, it cannot be forgotten tastes, technology, institution policies and international relations. These and other determinants strongly condition the resource and pressure generated by population growth; they often change and affect the situation more than do demographic changes within specific time periods; and they often interact with each other and with demographic variables. But focusing on the sustainability of this relationship; there are at least three reason of why concerns about population growth have retreated over the last years. First,3 the demographic transition, which refers to the idea that at sufficiently high incomes, fertility tends to fall, owing to voluntary family size decisions. Indeed, fertility has fallen significantly in those parts of the world where most educated people live such as Unite States, Europe and East Asia. In spite this trend, population for the world as a whole is still growing rapidly. Second, population growth can be related to the technology optimism, which points out that increasing population is a positive force on living standards, largely because of induced innovation arising from population pressure. This model put an end on the Malthusian problem which 1said that there was a possibly tendency of human population to grow more rapidly that can be accommodated by arable land and other components of the source base. Third, it is related to political or ideological considerations. Population concerns are often in conflict with the strongly pro-natal positions of several major religions, particularly with the fundamentalist elements that have grown in influence over the past few decades. Cornering now about environmental degradation, especially air and water pollution, and concerning about depletion of natural resources like forests and oil reserves has become a significant issue. Both, environmental damage and resource depletion derive from the same fundamental question regarding the interaction of economic activity and the natural environment. Thus, important natural resources include environmental resources such as air and water, agricultural resources in the form of land and soil; renewable resources such as forests, fisheries and wildlife; and non-renewable resources such as oil and various metals and minerals. Global warming is a somewhat distinct topic, although it interacts closely with environmental, agricultural and renewable resources and is an important cause of resource degradation. Following studies like Limit to growth 4 put on the table whether the present growth trends continue unchanged, the limit to growth on this planet will be reached sometime within the next 100 years. The most probable result will be a sudden and uncontrollable decline in both population and industrial capacity. Looking at this premonition, the word sustainability becomes widely used in discussion of resource use. Unfortunately, the term was used in a variety of different ways, leading to significant semantic confusions. Therefore, extending this sustainable concept to an entire economy seems difficult. 5This concept cannot apply to non-renewable resources. Petroleum that is used up cannot be replaced by new petroleum. So, it makes more sense to apply the concept to energy sources that can replace the non-renewable ones. Building the right infrastructures might include facilities to produce hydroelectric power, solar energy, wind energy, and so on. The issue is whether this sustainable word has appeared too late, because human has already cause huge damages. Some of them have even affected our own specie. 5About 3 million people die annually due to contamination. In the past decade and in every environmental sector, conditions have not improved. For example, contaminated water, together with poor sanitation, kills over 12 million people a years, mostly in developing countries. Air pollution kills another 3 millions. And heavy metals and other contaminates also cause widespread health problems; Will we have enough food to feed everyone? In 64 of the 105 developing countries studied by FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture), the population has been growing faster than food availability. The population pressures have degraded some 2.000 million hectares of arable land, an area the size of Canada and the United States together. About the fresh water: The availability of freshwater is finite, but demand is rising rapidly as the population grows and increasing use per capita. By 2025, when projected to the worlds population reaches 8.000 billion is expected that 48 countries, containing 3.000 million people will face water shortages. Focusing now in coastal and oceans; half of all coastal ecosystems are under pressure due to high population densities and urban development. In the worlds oceans is rising tide of pollution. The ocean fishery is being overexploited, and fish catches or harvests have declined. 1 Clausen, AW 1985, Population Growth and Economic and Social Development, Journal of Economic Education, 16, 3, pp. 165-176. 2 Ridker, Ronald G. Population and Economic Growth: Resource and Amenity Implications of Population Changes. American Economic Review 64, no. 2 (May 1974): 33 3 Peyrache-Gadeau, V 2007, Natural Resources, Innovative Milieux and the Environmentally Sustainable Development of Regions, European Planning Studies, 15, 7, pp. 945-959 . 4Smith, V. Kerry, and John V. Krutilla. Economic Growth, Resource Availability, and Environmental Quality. American Economic Review 74, no. 2 (May 1984): 226 4HOMER-DIXON, T 2011, GROWTH WONT LAST FOREVER, Foreign Policy, 184, p. 56 5 Don Hinrichsen and Bryant Robey; Population and the Environment: The Global Challenge Johns Hopkins University report, september 2000

The Untraditional Life of William Faulkner :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Untraditional Life of William Faulkner The South is tradition, in every aspect of the word: family, profession, and lifestyle. The staple to each tradition in the south, and ultimately masculinity, is to be a southern gentleman. William Faulkner, a man with the most southern of blood running through his veins, was everything but a southern gentleman. A southern gentleman is to support his family, to be the sole provider. To support something such as a family is a great responsibility, and it is expected of a southern gentleman to be able to handle that responsibility. Faulkner did not have a secure job or income. He wrote poetry and attempted novels, but had not found success as a writer. He did not aspire to find a different occupation that could bring stability to his financial situation. Though it was not certain that William could support a family, he did have a child with his wife and supported the daughter from his wife’s first marriage. It was not a happy family, as most southern families have been portrayed. Faulkner drank and continued to internalize himself from the rest of the family, as he had always internalized himself from society. The drinking was not and everyday thing, but his family said that it would happen for long periods at a time. He would drink for a few weeks until he wanted to sober himself up. A southern gentleman is to be the father figure in his family, to teach his children right from wrong, but William seemed to be concerned with only himself. When he drank, he was not there for his family. When his daughter asked him not to start drinking because her birthday was coming up, Faulkner said to her â€Å"no one remembers Shakespeare’s daughter.† Tradition in the southern family did encompass â€Å"tough love†, but a southern gentleman is to be an example to his children, with characteristics embodying responsibility and honor. William Faulkner was neither responsible nor honorable. As WWI began, William, who had always been interested in flying, was eager to volunteer in the Royal Canadian Air Force. To protect and defend one’s country is a duty of a southern gentleman, one of the most masculine aspects of the south. Though he did not see any battle first hand, he came back to Mississippi, walking with a limp caused by a supposed metal plate in his head, and elaborate stories of plane crashes and battle.

Walking Dead Syndrome

THE WALKING DEAD SYNDROME English 150 Instructor: S. Jone November 7, 2011 The Walking Dead Syndrome Introduction The Walking Dead syndrome is considered a rare disease. I believe everyone in this existence has a purpose on this vast place we call earth. However, there are people diagnosed with a syndrome who believe they have no soul or convinced themselves they are dead. The â€Å"Walking Dead Syndrome† is also commonly known as â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome†. In this paper, I will refer this syndrome as â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome†. Cotard’s syndrome is linked with other mental illnesses which could explain a person’s state of mind of feeling non-existent in society. I will further discuss eight aspects of this syndrome: defining the Walking Dead Syndrome, defining mental illness, description of several mental illnesses associated with this syndrome, classifications of Cotard’s syndrome, analysis of patients, diagnosis of syndrome, and types of treatments available for patients. Defining Walking Dead Syndrome or Cotard’s Syndrome Many people I discussed this topic with never heard of the â€Å"Walking Dead Syndrome†. The Walking Dead Syndrome was first created by French neurologist, Jules Cotard, hence, named the â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome†. He was a French neurologist who first described this psychiatric condition. First reference to the syndrome was made in the year 1880, when Jules Cotard gave a lecture in Paris. In this lecture, he described various degrees of the syndrome, while he said that a person who resorts to despair and self-hatred begins in the early stages of this disorder. With deterioration, the person might go to the extent of denying the very existence of himself or herself. There are detached from the sense of existence of self (â€Å"Cotard Syndrome† 2010). Patients portray themselves similar to the concept of â€Å"zombies†. Hollywood has portrayed horror and science fiction based movies on â€Å"zombies† or the â€Å"walking dead†. In the movies, zombies are typically mean and fond of human flesh, they groan and cannot talk, have incredible strength, and display rotting flesh. A zombie is physically identical to a normal human being, but completely lacks conscious experience. If we suddenly lost our minds, or consciousness our bodies might continue to run on for a while, our hearts might continue to beat, we might breathe while asleep and digest food. But without the contribution made by minds, behavior could not show characteristically human features. In the Urban Dictionary, 1999-2011, a zombie is defined â€Å"as deceased human being who has partially returned to life due to undeterminable causes. The brain retains base facilities, namely gross motor function. In its near-mindless state, it grasps no remains of emotion, personality, or sensation of pain. In rare cases, some of the reanimated have reflexively preformed routine activities from their past lives†. The people diagnosed with Walking Dead Syndrome have similar portrayals including not having internal organs and smelling of rotting flesh. A hypothetical analogy can be explained when most of us have woken up after a really good night out. Our first drive in the morning was motivated by a desire for food and coffee. If we as a society experience a chemical or radiological contamination, we might be experiencing the hangover from hell. Our higher thought would be destroyed, the neural system would be degraded, and leave just the body running on its primary functions. Defining Mental Illness Since the beginning of man, I think there has been mental illness, and chemical imbalance generates a huge part, and some people just do not have the ability to use parts of their brain for reason and logic. According to to Sorrentino, Wilk, and Newmaster (2009), a mental illness can be: â€Å"caused by a combination of genetic, biological, personality, and environmental factors, is a disturbance in a person’s ability to cope with or adjust to stress; the person’s thinking, mood, and behaviours are affected, and functioning is impaired †¦mental illnesses affect people of all ages, culture, and educational and income levels. The onset of most mental illnesses occurs during adolescence and young adulthood† (p. 641). Most mental illnesses are brought on by the stresses of life, money, property, and consumption. Having a mental illness varies from person to person and if you cannot go about your day as you normally would due to a condition then it is a mental illness. An example would be having an â€Å"anxiety disorder†, and if you cannot leave your house anymore due to petrifying fear, then there is clearly a problem. Unless of course you cannot recognize that you are having problems and you are posing a threat to yourself or others, then you can be forcibly placed under the guidance of a psychologist. Mental illness can be contributed to either biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The biological factors can be attributed to genetics or â€Å"mental disorders tend to run in families, suggesting a hereditary factor†¦the number of close relatives a person has who suffer from depression or other mood disorders is the best predictor of the likelihood that the individual will develop a mood disorder† (Boyd, Johnson, Bee, 2009, p. 385). In addition, psychological aspects can be contributed to emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and the environmental causes can be defined as a person living in poverty or substance abuse. Mental Illnesses Associated with Cotard’s Syndrome People diagnosed with the â€Å"Cotard’s Syndrome† have been treated for a mental illness or combination of bi-polar, delusions, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder, to name a few. The major mental illnesses are painful, pervasive, disruptive and usually disabling. Firstly, a â€Å"bi-polar disorder† is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function† (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 651). Whereas, â€Å"delusions† are the â€Å"false beliefs that are firmly held† (Purse, 2011). An example is a person who has grandeur delusions or has paranoid tendencies. In the grandiose subtype, the person is convinced that he has some great talent or has made some important discovery, they have an inflated sense of self-worth. In addition, their delusions center on their own importance, such as believing that they have done or created something of extreme value or think they have a â€Å"special mission†. There is reference to another type of delusion known as â€Å"nihilistic delusions†. This type of delusion describes a person â€Å"focused on the individual’s body, including loss of body parts, being dead, or not existing at all† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011). Furthermore, Cotard syndrome created a new type of depression which â€Å"is described as anxious melancholia, ideas of damnation or rejection, insensitivity to pain, delusions or nonexistence concerning one’s own body, and delusions of immorality† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, & Audenaert, 2011). This type of delusion is a major attribute of Cotard’s syndrome. Thirdly, â€Å"schizophrenia† which â€Å"is an extremely complex mental health disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disturbances in thinking, and withdrawal from social activity† (Sorrentino, Wilk, Newsmaster, 2009, p. 55). News and entertainment media tend to link mental illnesses including schizophrenia to criminal violence. Most people with schizophrenia, however, are not violent toward others but are withdrawn and prefer to be left alone. Lastly, â€Å"schizoaffective disorder† is described as a â€Å"person having symptoms of both schizophrenic and bipolar disord er† (Purse, 2006). Some disorders will cause parts of the brain to stop performing their normal functions. These can leave people out of control and disoriented (not knowing what they themselves are doing). Classifications of Cotard’s Syndrome In its early stages, Cotard’s syndrome is characterized by vague feeling of anxiety with a varying time span from weeks to years. This anxious state gradually augments and can result in nihilistic delusions where denial of life or denial of body parts are the prominent features. The patient loses sense of reality. Despite the delusion of being dead, these patients show an increased tendency to automutilation (self harm) or suicidal behaviour. (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). A case studying involving 100 patients, in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, (2009) reveal three types of Cotard’s syndrome. The first is a form of â€Å"psychotic depression† in which anxiety, melanchonlia, delusions of guilt, and auditory hallucinations are the more prominent features. The second class is â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome Type I†, which is associated with hypochondriac and nihilistic delusions. The third type is â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome Type II†, which includes anxiety, depression, delusions of immortality, nihilistic delusions and suicidal behaviour are characteristic features†. However, in Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011, a case study conducted in 1999, identified three stages of Cotard’s syndrome. The first stage, germination stage, is characterized by important hypochondriac cenesthopathy and depressive mood. A diagnosis of Cotard’s syndrome cannot be made in this stage yet. In the blooming stage, the characteristic features of Cotard’s syndrome (nihilistic delusions, delusions of immorality together with anxiety and negativism) are seen. The last stage, the chronic stage is differentiated in two forms: one with persistent emotional disturbances (depressive type) and the second where depressive symptoms are less prominent (paranoid type) (as cited by Yamman, 1999). The two classifications described above have assisted in diagnosing of Cotard’s syndrome. The similar features displayed are nihilistic delusions, depressive mood, and anxiety. Analysis This syndrome does not affect a specific category of people. A study of 100 patients, revealed that â€Å"Cotard’s syndrome was diagnosed in 2 of 349 patients†¦taking into account only severely depressed older adult patients. In addition, the average of age of person studied was 52 years of age, however, the study also suggested that Cotard’s was occasionally described in children and adolescents (Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009). Furthermore, according to Wani et al. , (2008), â€Å"this syndrome is typically related to depression and is mostly found in middle-aged or older people. In the analysis the following results were displayed: â€Å"depressive mood (89%), nihilistic delusions (69%), anxiety (65%), delusions of guilt (63%), delusions of immortality (55%), hypochondriac delusions (58%)† (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). Diagnosis The diagnosis reveals a psychological and neurological aspect of Cotard’s syndrome. The â€Å"depersonalization phenomenon† as described in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009, is referred to using German erminology leib (body for me) and korper (body as such), korper becomes more prominent than leib and the body less associated with the self (leib), depersonalization onset can then occur. However, in depersonalization, the patient feels as if he or she is dead (in difference of affect), whereas in Cotard’s syndro me, the patient is convinced that he or she is dead (lack of feeling). Cotard’s syndrome is often associated with parietal lobe lesions. Compared with controls, patients with Cotard’s syndrome have more brain atrophy in general and more median frontal lobe atrophy in particular. Cotard’s syndrome may be associated with multifocal brain atrophy and medial frontal lobe disease. Neurological assessments were performed and findings resulted in patients affected by â€Å"parietal brain dysfunction† and structural brain abnormalities. Recent discoveries have indicated that Cotard’s syndrome was associated with multifocal brain atrophy and interhemispheric fissure enlargement. The interhemispheric fissure enlargement means â€Å"parietal lobe lesions† (Joseph and O'Leary, 2011) or bending in the frontal and occipital regions and this abnormality also been observed in schizophrenic patients. Others have described and enlargement of the third and lateral ventricles. In one patient, the patient was diagnosed with a schizophrenia disorder and a left sided hypoperfusion in the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes. The medical term of hypoperfusion is defined as a â€Å"decreased blood flow through an organ† (Meriam-Webster, 2011). In addition, the patient experienced improvements of the inferior frontal and left hypoperfusion and there was evidence of decreased hyperprofusion of the left temporal lobe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (cited in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, and Audenaert, 2009). Treatments There are several methods utilized to treat mental health struggles. A patient can seek professional assistance by psychology or psychiatry therapy and/or the utilization of medication. If you lived in the 16th century with any undefined mental disorder, you were considered as â€Å"possessed by the Devil† and cast away to some godforsaken monastery dungeon in which monks would constantly pray for and exorcise you. The Catholic Church they used a methodical guidebook to describe all behavioral aspects and associations of witchcraft, satanism, etc. nd utilized this upon people who were suffered with mental or behavioral maladies, and it was not commonly understood in the Medieval and Renaissance periods. In the medieval ages, they were burned because they thought demons haunted the mentally ill. In later years, we willfully experimented on them, cutting into their bodies and brains to â€Å"fix them†, this was called, trepanation. The â€Å"evidence of trepan ation has been found in prehistoric human remains from Neolithic times onward. Cave paintings indicate that people believed the practice would cure epileptic seizures, migraines, and mental disorders† (Wikipedia, 2011). It is really disgusting and is the major reason that even today it is to some a badge of humiliation instead of just an illness. Complete recovery may occur spontaneously and suddenly as onset of Cotard’s syndrome. There are several reports of successful pharmacological treatment of Cotard’s syndrome. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is considered an important treatment option in Cotard’s syndrome. It is noted, in Debruyne, Portzky, Van den Eynde, Audenaert, 2009, that young patients use of mood stabilizers should be considered because Cotard’s syndrome in this population is often part of a bipolar disorder. Successful treatment with ECT and the patient with underlying major depressive disorder resulted in recovery of left and right temporal hypoprofussion and normalization of profusion in the frontal cortex was reported after treatment with antidepressants (Debruyne, Portzky, Peremans, and Audenaert, 2011). Please be aware that people who have true mental illnesses do suffer. They want more than anything to be able to feel and function like other people and they will actively seek help. The reality is that certain medications and treatments help those who are suffering from these conditions. Conclusion Mental illness is not a modern invention. The mentally ill have been recognized in one form or another by every culture we have a record of. How they were perceived and what their value is what has largely changed. Some people do not retreat into their minds as much as they are supposed to, while others spend all their time there. What we eat and breathe and drink affects our health and our brain, and a healthy individual's brain tends to have more to work with and develop all the right chemicals and nerve sheaths. A good parent with their strong sense of empathy realizes that their child is a thinking, growing human being and will always need that light touch that points them in the â€Å"right direction† and prevent them from getting â€Å"lost†. The right nature and nurturing are essential for a healthy development. Some cases of these disorders I believe could be a simple lack of the ingredients to solve this chemical imbalance. Given that our brain is constantly changing accordingly with the times, a chronic chemical imbalance quickly becomes more than just that, as the brain has grown and changed around this shortcoming. The kind of understanding you wish people had for those with mental disorders would be a universal understanding for all if people would look into themselves and observe their own thoughts and behaviors. We are our best test subjects since we have full access to all the â€Å"data†, and by observing ourselves totally (mentally, developmentally, chemically) we can apply our understanding to others and learn from the experience. People need to care about how people's minds work in general, understanding â€Å"you guys† would come with the turf, and communication with our angry neighbors would be much more effective since we'd all see where everyone is coming from. Philosophers have long contemplated human happiness, and how to live a â€Å"good† life, in harmony with our own nature. The problem is that humans do not really know what makes them happy, and what they think will, or will not, and instead they find contempt and superficial pleasures they believe will satisfy them. As a result, some people will not live a good and peaceful life that satisfies the majority of people. The fact is not everyone needs medication, but there are those who do. Some need it temporarily, some for a lifetime. Some simply need therapy, and some benefit from dietary changes. I believe understanding is the highest ideal we should seek to attain. Understanding and being honest with ourselves about ourselves and applying our own understanding to others may help us see that we are not as different as we'd like to believe. I believe that sense of commonality with all human beings can generate empathy, compassion and ultimately peace in all of us. It is when we categorize each other, ourselves, and place value on those categories then we breed hatred, ignorance and fear. References Boyd, D. , Johnson, Paul, Bee, Helen (2009). Lifespan Development. (4th Canadian Edition). Toronto: Pearsons Canada Inc. Cotard Syndrome. (2010). Disorders Central. Retrieved October 10, 2011, from http://www. disorderscentral. com/cotard-syndrome. html Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. Peremans, K. , ; Audenaert, K. , (2011). Mind and Brain The Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://content. yudu. com/Library/A1t5r8/MindampBraintheJourn/resources/73. htm Debruyne, H. , Portzky, M. , Van den Eynde, F. , ; Audenaert, K. (2009). Cotard’s Syndrome: A Review. Current Psychiatry Reports. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from University of Calgary On-line Resources: http://www. springerlink. com. ezproxy. lib. ucal gary. ca/content/f43j790n7161432m/ Hypoperfusion. (2011). Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/medical/hypoperfusion Joseph AB, and O'Leary DH. (2011). Brain atrophy and interhemispheric fissure enlargement in Cotard's syndrome. PubMed. gov. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/3759917 Purse, Marcia. (2011). Delusions. About. com. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://bipolar. about. com/od/definingbipolardisorder/g/gl_delusions. htm Purse, Marcia. (2006). Schizoaffective Disorder. About. com. Retrieved October 6, 2011, from http://bipolar. about. om/od/glossary/g/gl_schizoaffect. htm Sorrentino, Sheila A. , Wilk, Mary J. , and Newsmaster, Rosemary (2009). Mosby’s Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker. (2nd Canadian Edition). Toronto: Elsevier Canada Urban Dictionary. (1999-2011). Zombie. Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http://www. urbandictionary. com/define. php? term=zombie Wani, A. Z, Abdul, W. Khan, Aijaz, A. Babe, Hayat, A. Khan, Qurat-ul, A. Wani, and Taploo, Rayneesa (2008). Cotard's syndrome and delayed diagnosis in Kashmir, India. International Journal of Mental Health Systems.

TV or no TV

Bess TV Is an Important issue for us, because over three quarters of British teenagers have a TV In their bedroom (pretty antisocial If you ask me! ), and they watch TV for an average of 14 hours a week. In the USA, It's over 20 hours a week. In my research for this debate, Eve discovered some amazing facts. For example, 57% of programmer contain what Is called ‘psychologically harmful' violence. That means, according to the experts, that teenagers learn to behave leniently and they accept violence as normal.In addition, they become more afraid of being attacked. Not surprising, when you learn that the average child in the US has seen up to 8,000 murders on the TV by the age of Ill Furthermore, there's the couch-potato problem. Nobody does enough exercise any more or spends enough time with friends. As a result, television is turning us all into lonely fatties – also because there's an advert for high-sugar snacks and drinks every five minutes. Think English Intermediate ; Unit 10 p. 88O oxford university press PHOTOCOPIES And finally, I believe that talent shows and shows such as Big Brother give people false expectations. They make you think that anyone can become famous – and then rich, for doing practically nothing! We did a survey in my year group and found that 63% of people want to be rich and famous, and In show business. So although I like TV, I think that we should cut down the amount we watch before our brains turn to mush. Damon I don't agree that TV Is a completely negative Influence on people.In my opinion, lovelorn Is a window on the world and therefore, It's Invaluable. I get a lot of information from the TV, and so do my friends and family. My kid brother, wads five, loves wildlife programmer, so TV is often educational. Yesterday, for example, I saw a fantastic documentary about space travel, which I learnt loads from. Without the computer-generated graphics. Remember, you can choose what you watch! What's more, many progra mmer are shown all over the world, so you could say they unite the world community.For instance, my French Nepal, Bastion, really liked The CO when it was on, so we were able to talk about that together. But TV is also fun and entertaining: it helps you relax – what's wrong with that? However, there is one aspect of TV that I don't like – the adverts, especially during a film. They ruin it for me and waste time. To sum up, TV is here and it's part of our lives. Over 96% of us have one. I'm not saying it's good to watch too much, but there's an amazing choice of programmer now with satellite, digital and broadband, so why not enjoy the positive things it offers?

Theme For Moby Dick essays

Theme For Moby Dick essays The theme that I got out of this book and movie is that you should not allow something that is wrong in your life take a front and center position in your everyday life. I feel that this is what Captain Ahab did in this book by taking revenge out on a whale that took his leg. He let his feelings get the best of him in this story and I will tell you about my reasoning behind all this in the follow paragraphs. Captain Ahab had lost his leg in a whaling accident to a whale named Moby Dick. This of course made him a bitter old man and in turn made a person full of anger and hatred towards a figure in nature. Seemed kind of ridiculous to me considering that youd think that you would have more important things in life to be worried about than an animal in the ocean who didnt take your leg cause he knew what he was doing I mean come on. Anyways now you know that Ahab is a whaler and that his crew is only there to make money by getting the oil from the whales but Ahab has a whole different purpose on his mind and you learn of this by the passage: All ye mast headers have before now heard me give orders about a white whale. Look ye! Dye see this spanish ounce of gold? Now pretty much what he is saying is if you kill this whale you get the money that he is offering them. Well you learn here that all he is out for is for is self and the revenge he seeks on this whale. This was the first thing he said to his crew and that shows that this is all he wants. In a quote which I will state it like Captain Ahab is in a sense obsessed with this whale right down to the point that he knows every detail of it and every exact marking on its body. Its as if this haunts him everyday of his life and he portrays it to the whole society in which he lives at the time. In the passage I am going to state he talks about the whale showing us that this is what he dreams about probably everyday: aye, Queequeg, the harpoons lie al...

Massive assault weapons essays

Massive assault weapons essays Under the Clinton administration, on September 13, 1994, domestic gun manufacturers were required to stop production of semi-automatic assault weapons and ammunition clips holding more than 10 rounds except for military or police use. In 2004, this bill was up for renewal, but the Bush administration immediately shot it down without plans of re-writing it. In April of 2005, the bill was re-written, but never made it to the senate floor. This failure to re-ban assault weapons allows regular citizens to purchase, and in many states, conceal semi-automatic weapons such as Uzis, Galil, SWD-Ms, Tec-9s, and many other extremely dangerous weapons. These weapons serve no practical purpose in America. They were distinctively created for the use of attacking large amounts of people, and causing mass fatalities. Using these weapons for self defense or hunting is completely impractical. At the same time, these weapons have the highest level of street resale, (being bought by one person, and then selling the weapons to another), then any other guns. Although illegal, this practice is widely used, and many weapons end up going to the street gangs. Speculations on why the assault weapons ban was not renewed are varied. The President, and many other conservatives, said that the bill was not written efficiently, but at the same time it kept all assault weapons from being purchased legally. It should be noted that assault weapons bring in high profits for weapons manufacturers, many whom made large contributions to the Bush campaign. Using a combination of images of the assault weapons now made legal, interviews with experts in the field of weaponry, file footage of the President and news stories, interviews with experts and hunters explaining the impracticality of using assault weapons for hunting, and skits (humorous but with a serious point), I plan to show that the releasing of the assault weapons ...

What Is NUMATS Should You Participate

What Is NUMATS Should You Participate SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In this guide, I'll be discussing NUMATS or Northwestern University's Midwest Academic Talent Search Program.NUMATS provides advanced tests to younger students to find their academic strengths and weaknesses and to suggest academic supplements to help these gifted students thrive. Depending on your score on the test, you may be offered a chance to attend one of theirsubprograms. While you can read all about this programon the NUMATS website, the information can be difficult to dissect. For this reason, I’ve gathered all the necessary information and put it into this easy-to-read guide. I recommend reading the entire guide, but I’ve created a Table of Contents that lists the specific sections to help you find whatever information you need. What IsNUMATS? What Do You Do in the Program? Why Should You/Your Child Participate? How To Apply and Application Requirements How Much Does ItCost? Tips on How to Get In What Is the NUMATS Talent Search? What Do You Do in the Program? NUMATS is a program that offers advanced children above-grade-level testing to accurately measure their academic strengths. Depending on how well they perform on the tests, there may also be other programs available toparticipants. While students are already tested in school, if you or your child scores above the 90th percentile on their standardized tests, the scoreisn’t telling you what your child knows beyond what was covered on the test.NUMATS provides students with theopportunity to take certaintests years before they normally would. For example, the EXPLORE test, typically given in eighthgrade, is offered to students in grades three through six, and the ACT andSAT, typically taken in 10th or 11th grade, areoffered to students in grades six through nine. After studentstake one of thetests, theyreceive recommendationsonareas theycan improve in, and, depending on their score, theymaybe offered an invitation to participate insupplemental programs.These supplemental programs include online, weekend, and summer programs. Supplemental programs offer advanced, unique courses to students that allow them to be appropriately challenged and learn more about a subject of interest to them. Some supplemental programs last onlya single weekend while others run formultiple weeks or weekends. Supplemental programs canbe online or in-person classes, depending on the specific course. Who’s Eligible for the NUMATS Program? Students in grades three through nine who meet one or more of the following criteria can enroll in the program: Participated previously in NUMATS or another talent search program. Qualify for their school’s gifted program. Be recommend bya teacher or parent, based on their exceptional verbal or mathematical reasoning skills, consistently high level of performance on demanding coursework, or repeatedrequests for more challenging academic experiences. Meet grade-level assessment criteria in either verbal/reading or math on a nationally normed or state achievement test. What Are the NUMATS Test Dates for 2015-16? EXPLORE, SAT, and ACT tests are offered through NUMATS year round. There are test centers throughout the US, so you can participate in NUMATS no matter where you live.You can search for a test date at a test center near you through the NUMATS website. Why Should You Participate in NUMATS? When you participate in NUMATS, you’re provided with test preparation materials.After you take atest and receive your scores, you’ll get recommendations for selecting future classes and extracurriculars in math, science, social science and the humanities based on your scores. Also, you’ll receive instructional resources for use at home and in the classroom.For high scorers, there will be an award ceremony at Northwestern with scholarships presented to first-place scorers. Depending on your score on the tests, you may receive invitations toNorthwestern’s other gifted programs. As I mentioned before, these programs include online, weekend, and summer programs, and are offered to students ages 4 through 17. Through these supplemental programs, students cantakeadvanced, unique classes that allow them to be appropriately challenged and learn more about a topicof interest to them. However, ifyou live far from Northwestern, you may be limited to participating in online and summer programs. These courses can help you connect with other gifted students and will push you to rise to your full potential. In addition, you get to test out subjects you're interested in (such as playwriting or rocket science) at a young age to see if you might want to pursuea career in that field. It's great to get this exposure at a younger age rather than wasting time and money in college debating what you should major in. For students in high school, you also can get access to AP courses online for which you can get college credit. If you've never heard of AP, learn more about AP classesin our other guide. I’d highly recommend doing NUMATS if you qualify and can afford it. How To Apply and Application Requirements You apply through the NUMATS website by creating an account. The application requirements are the same as the eligibility requirements listed above. As I said before, you need to meet one of the following requirements and provide proof in your application: Previously participated in NUMATS or another talent search program Participate in the gifted program at your school Meet grade-level assessment criteria in either verbal/reading or math on a nationally normed or state achievement test Can provide a teacher or parent letter of recommendation stating you’re performing at a consistently high level in verbal/reading or math. How Much Does NUMATS Cost? The exact cost of taking the NUMATS test is $74-93.50, depending on which test you take. This feecovers the cost of taking the test and the cost of the NUMATS program (which includes access to all of the benefits listed above in the Why Participate section). Is There Financial Aid? How Do You Apply For It? Yes, NUMATS offers need-based financial aid only for applicants whoqualify for other federally subsidized programs (such as the National School Lunch Program).Financial aid can be requested when you register for NUMATS online. To apply for financial aid, you must submit a letter stating you meet the financial aid eligibility criteria. The letter must be written on school letterhead and signed by a school official. Here is an example of a financial aid eligibility letter.Submit the letter to NUMATS by your chosen test's registration deadline.Fax to 847-467-4283, email numats@ctd.northwestern.edu, or mail to NUMATS Financial Aid, 617 Dartmouth Pl, Evanston, IL 60208. Tips on How to Get a High Score You should try to score high on your NUMATS test (EXPLORE, SAT, or ACT) because if you score high enough, you can qualify for the amazingsupplemental programsI mentioned above, as well as scholarships. First place scorers are invited to an award ceremony at Northwestern and presented with scholarships. Additionally,depending on your score, you could be offered grants to participate in the supplemental programs (mentioned earlier) in partnership with theJack Kent Cooke Foundation. If you’re hoping to do well in the NUMATS program, you’ll want to do a lot of EXPLORE, SAT, or ACT prep.We’ve got great resources to help you prepare for the SAT and the ACT. You should check out online resources for EXPLORE preparation or consider buying an EXPLORE prep book. What’s Next? Learn aboutother pre-college programs such as the Emory Pre-College Program. Not sure where you want to go to college? Learn how to do college research right.Not sure how you'll pay for college? Check out our guide to paying for college. Trying to decide where to go to high school? Learn how to compare high schools using SAT or ACT score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Societal Functions of Religion According to Emile Durkheim and the Essay

Societal Functions of Religion According to Emile Durkheim and the Decline of Religion in the United States - Essay Example The wealth that the U.S. has enjoyed over the past decades, the freedom of expression entrenched in the U.S. Constitution, and the acceptance of other religions into the American society have diluted the place of Christianity in the U.S. The decline of Christianity in the U.S. at the expense of other religions and secularism risks to threaten the American society if it fails to provide a compromise to people from other faiths or sharing other beliefs. Such risk exists because there could be clashes between people from different communities/ faiths (e.g. Northern Ireland). The situation, however, is not alarming because religion has been replaced in the U.S. by education and to some extent a sense of patriotism. To revert back to Emile Durkheim's theory of religion, patriotism, education, the "American dream", Hollywood, etc. now ensure some form of social cohesion in the U.S. through the sharing of common values. With regard to social control, the law enforcement system and the judic iary system are now recognized as legitimate institutions to deal with conflicts. In this modern U.S. society, religion has been relegated to the personal realm and people living in the U.S. now enjoy the freedom to choose the religion that will answer their existential thirst.

IDEO case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IDEO case study - Essay Example And the project manager would ensure their concepts could be achieved within budget and timeline. Set up large â€Å"Tech Box†, contain the curiosities and interesting gadgets to inspire innovator. Designers could rummage through the stuffs and play with the switch, bottom on them. This motivates their creativity of putting the old things in new use. Built the culture that â€Å"High performing employees were rewarded by being given more challenging projects to lead† , this way encourage them to contribute more in every project as they always have the chance of being group leader once they have high ability. Organizational culture is an essential tool for innovation in any business setting. Consequently, it is true that in order to innovate there is a need to invest in building a strong culture that gives the right atmosphere to the employees and management to get involved. Mutual helping in workplace is a crucial aspect that foresees the success of businesses that depend on creativity in executing all the underlying projects. Encouraging-business culture enables workload sharing and collaborative help coming to the fore; lending expertise, experience and perspective that improve the quality and the execution techniques of different innovation ideas. For instance, IDEO has proved to have achieved a more impressive business culture. The IDEO’s culture has been able to build a help-friendly environment within its premises. The firm has employed more than 300 employees al with engineering educational backgrounds including its founder. The number is sufficient in the execution process of different processes within the stipulated budgets and timeframe. Additionally, as the firm deals with technical products they have introduced employee-customer interaction meeting to ensure their customers are satisfied. Such an aspect allows for acquisition of feedback from the product user, an aspect that is crucial for innovation and product improvement

Determine the Optimal Investment Performance Appraisal Systems Research Paper

Determine the Optimal Investment Performance Appraisal Systems - Research Paper Example This is considered as one of the first phase in understanding the performances of an individual, economic circumstances, desires and aims. The starting point of this situational profiling comprises of investigating the source of wealth, stage of life of the investor and volume of these sources of wealth. There are mainly two common sources of wealth for the individual investors. They are, (1) Wealth generated by entrepreneurial activity- wealth is created through this activity perhaps indicates knowledge of the investors and experience, by way of the risk-taking judgment. (2) Wealth accumulated all the way through inheritance or one-time windfalls or accumulation of wealth over a long period of safe job- Wealth is acquired through this way indicates that individual has less knowledge about risk-taking activity. â€Å"Terminologies vary, but for practical purposes we can consider the individual investor to be either affluent or high net worth. â€Å"For the affluent investors, the t otal economic resources are of roughly the same magnitude, as they claim on those resources resulting from the investors’ life choices† (Torre & Rudd, 2004, p. 2). Those choices normally consist of a need for post retirement expenses, the purchase of homes and the educational expenses of kids. When the investor is middle aged or young, fiscal activities normally symbolize the smaller part of his whole resources, with human assets and real estate possessions representing the bulk of his possessions. â€Å"Traditional finance assumes that all investors exhibit three major characteristics, such as, 1. Risk aversion- Investors minimize risk for a given level of return or maximize return for given level of risk. 2. Rational expectation- Investors... The paper demonstrates that evaluating performance presenting it fairly is vital to the energy of an investment firm. Portfolio managers and security analysts create decisions under circumstances of uncertainty concerning the relative attractiveness of individual investments and market sectors; the function of performance analysts is to explain the result of those decisions. Portfolio management is the art and science for making decision in terms of investment mix and policy, achieve the objective of investors, by investing asset for individual or institutions. Portfolios defined as â€Å"a collection of investments all owned by the same individual or organization. These investments often include stocks, which are investments in individual businesses; bonds, which are investments in debt that are designed to earn interest; and mutual funds, which are essentially pools of money from many investors that are invested by professionals or according to indices†. It is constituted to achieve a level of expected return with lowest risk possibility. The portfolio management has been involved with new product development and innovate projects to achieve maximum profit. In the sense of modern portfolio it is professionally constructed strategy for investment to achieve more growth from a nominal amount of capital. It defined as â€Å"Overall investment strategy that seeks to construct an optimal portfolio by considering the relationship between risk and return, especially as measured by alpha, beta, and R-squared.

Critical assessment and measurement of costs involved in the operation Essay

Critical assessment and measurement of costs involved in the operation of JIT policy - Essay Example In this report, we will try to identify the hidden costs of implementing JIT system and assign monetary value to them. The purpose of this report is not to reject the effectiveness of JIT, but to evaluate the exact benefit derived from this system and whether the effectiveness of this system will be universal for all business concerns or not. 90% of this work is original and is based on primary research in form of Focus Group, Interviews. The deductions, implications and examples quoted are original. References are used only for definitions and the various components for the JIT theory. Survey Research Method: The second method used is the Survey Research method, which according to Kotler "Surveys are best suited for descriptive research". In our case, the survey comprised of a sample of Production/Operations Managers in different industries. At present, almost all management schools of thought are in favour of JIT system. Due to the success of its implementation in Toyota Motors and Japanese companies the tendency of all Production/operations managers is towards implementing JIT. In this regard, a paper retrieved on 20th December 2007 from www.wikepedia.com was particularly useful resource material since it gave insight onto the problems built into the JIT system and problems faced with implementation of the JIT system. In the "Critical Assessment of JIT, costs associated with JIT" section of this report, some points are included form the work on www.wikipedia.com/critical assessment of JIT. The second most useful secondary Internet resource material was collected from www.1000ventures.com. This gave a detailed insight into the components of JIT. These components are included in table form in this report. The detailed knowledge of these components has given me an insight into what can be the cost components or hitches in implementing and practicing JIT. Other than this,

The sixties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The sixties - Essay Example Reflecting on the 1960’s, one’s thoughts are immediately diverted to the large-scale war and civil rights protests. All this was occurring while men first landed on the moon. It was a time of a great awakening among the collected consciousness of the world. This discussion will review some of the major events of the ‘60’s era demonstrating why this period was a distinctly profound society altering era. The focus is on the civil rights movement and the counterculture including the popular art and new religious incursions into the existing culture which were challenging conventional thought. Following the ‘60’s, the idea of what was ‘normal’ or ‘acceptable’ in society was greatly altered in a relatively short period of time and like no other time in at least 100 years. The Civil Rights Movement was an important chapter in American history which led to the establishment of human rights around the world and The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) which â€Å"prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin† (US Equal Employment Opportunity, 1997). Subsequently an Executive Order (11246) originating from the Lyndon Johnson administration in 1965 mandated affirmative action for all federally funded programs. These governmental efforts to effectively outlaw institutionalized racism was a reaction necessitated by the enormous outpouring of public pressure of all races and gender during the 1950’s and 60’s. Society as a whole as well as many groups and individuals have benefited from these programs including women, those who suffer disabilities and the working class, but the principal emphasis of the movement and legislation was focused on racial discrimination. Civil Rights legislation gav e credence to the great imbalance of social equality that blacks were experiencing and to the rights and the respect that they were seeking through the movement. The spotlight on the civil rights movement

Analysis of Market Structures and Relating Pricing Strategies Research Paper

Analysis of Market Structures and Relating Pricing Strategies - Research Paper Example The decision of what the price for any given product or commodity should be made often has little to do with what it actually costs to produce and distribute a particular product. Fixed costs such as these are invariably influenced by the surrounding market structure in which the enterprise must operate. An evaluation must be made concerning what effect competitors will exert upon the market in which the firm operates. This becomes at least as important as any material production costs. Different strategies must be depending upon how other sellers are likely to react and what effect these sellers are able to exert upon the particular firm in question. The ability to shape the marketplace is an essential characteristic underscoring any market strategy, even as the rival firms try to do the same. It is necessary to cultivate an understanding of what effect the target firm's choices will have on the market place and how this interplay controls the behavior of other sellers, if any influ ence is meaningful (Samuelson & Marks, 2012) Depending on the political and economic environments in which the target firm finds itself, there is the possibility that other firms are effectively invisible, or remain so powerful that no plausible action can change the market. Relative to the status and assets of the target firm, other competitors may prove to be so small that their behavior has no discernible impact on the larger marketplace in which the target firm operates. In this case, it is possible to adjust prices in order to capitalize on opportunities to deliver the product or service in question – with concern only for what the law and buyer can pay. The other possibility is a setting, in which competing firms exist, that are so large and powerful relative to the target company that virtually no pricing decision will change the fundamental forces of supply and demand within the economic theater. This constitutes the reverse of the previous situation, and short-term o pportunities should be considered in this case, resulting in a different strategic environment with respect to pricing decisions. The interplay can become especially complicated in the third environment, in which the other sellers delivering the commodity in question are of approximately equal size to the target firm and are, therefore, influential and influenced by one another. Each company must be concerned only partially with real costs in terms of the physical delivery of goods and services, but must instead constrain oneself based on the behavior of competitors of equal size. In this case, physical production costs may have renewed importance because the firm capable of reducing them can command an obvious advantage over its rivals. Yet such gains may be temporary as this will prompt competing operations into a drive of innovative cost-cutting, which in a competitive marketplace is likely to be ongoing. The interaction of supply and demand colors each of these scenarios. A riva l firm exponentially larger than a given target firm has the potential to be much more competitive. If the disparity is too great, even if the target firm is able to deliver a commodity at a lower price, it would not be able to meet the demand already supplied by the much larger firm. Here is a problem of "getting a foot in the door," and regardless of

The sixties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The sixties - Essay Example Reflecting on the 1960’s, one’s thoughts are immediately diverted to the large-scale war and civil rights protests. All this was occurring while men first landed on the moon. It was a time of a great awakening among the collected consciousness of the world. This discussion will review some of the major events of the ‘60’s era demonstrating why this period was a distinctly profound society altering era. The focus is on the civil rights movement and the counterculture including the popular art and new religious incursions into the existing culture which were challenging conventional thought. Following the ‘60’s, the idea of what was ‘normal’ or ‘acceptable’ in society was greatly altered in a relatively short period of time and like no other time in at least 100 years. The Civil Rights Movement was an important chapter in American history which led to the establishment of human rights around the world and The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) which â€Å"prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin† (US Equal Employment Opportunity, 1997). Subsequently an Executive Order (11246) originating from the Lyndon Johnson administration in 1965 mandated affirmative action for all federally funded programs. These governmental efforts to effectively outlaw institutionalized racism was a reaction necessitated by the enormous outpouring of public pressure of all races and gender during the 1950’s and 60’s. Society as a whole as well as many groups and individuals have benefited from these programs including women, those who suffer disabilities and the working class, but the principal emphasis of the movement and legislation was focused on racial discrimination. Civil Rights legislation gav e credence to the great imbalance of social equality that blacks were experiencing and to the rights and the respect that they were seeking through the movement. The spotlight on the civil rights movement

Comparison paper between A Rose for Emilyby William Fulkner, and Research

Comparison between A Rose for Emilyby William Fulkner, and BattleRoyal by Ralph Ellison - Research Paper Example The setting of the story is in Faulkners imaginary city, Jefferson, in his imaginary county of Yoknapatawpha in Mississippi. The story is about an unusual spinster, Emily Grierson, the anonymous narrator gives the particulars the odd circumstances of Emily’s living and her strange relationships with her lover, her father and the town of Jefferson. The narrator also details the horrible secret Emily hides from the world. In a small number of pages, A Rose for Emily, cover roughly three-quarters of a century; from the birth of Emily Grierson which takes place sometime just about the Civil War, while her death happens sometime in the early 1930s. The Reconstruction following the Civil War had a deep and humbling consequence on Southern society. The South’s dated agricultural estate economy, centered so long upon slave labor, was overwhelmed by emancipation. Northern investors, recognized as ‘‘carpet-baggers,’’ came in large numbers to capitalize on the economic chaos. A number of Southern top class people found themselves employed on the farms together with tenant farmers and earlier slaves. Faulkner happened to come from a family that once possessed a plantation (Marie  ¶ 4). The past of his family plus that of the South in general was completely overturned by the reconstruction after the civil war. According to Royden (372), from the fact that Faulkner comes from a family background with an aristocratic attitude and linked with other comparable families, he was conversed with the arrogance of behaviors like the Griersons where Rose came from. A number of these people persisted to act as if they were still fortunate plantation owners even though their wealth had disappeared. Nevertheless, Faulkner used up much of his time examining ordinary townspeople too and this gives the reason why he was capable of capturing the voice of the ordinary people of

Management Commitment And Participation Of The People Marketing Essay

Management Commitment And Participation Of The People Marketing Essay The firm applied advanced of human resources and for Social Policy;  the management style is based on management commitment and participation of the people. In addition, the company had a responsible corporate citizen, committed to the government, shareholders, customers, communities and consumers. Environmental objections are committed to business practices and taking into account the need to conserve natural resources and save energy is environmentally friendly. For example, guarantee that all products manufactured, imported and distributed  by Nestle Malaysia are certified HALAL by authorized Islamic certification bodies. Perhaps, Company shares through achieving sustainable and profitable long-term growth has been delivered. This brand has a wide area. Branding strategy is corporate. Part of the branding strategy is the brand plan for each product. This is an integrated strategy. The brands of Nestle area key power but the executive levels are very aware today that brands alo ne are not enough to win. From its beginning, Nestle developed its commerce globally and became aware of the  truth that food products have to be  closely connected to restricted  eating and  social custom. That is why Nestle form the very start has always shown reverence for various cultures and traditions. Nestle activities to complete self as much as feasible into the cultures and  traditions where it  is present, adding also to  the local setting its  own set of values. so, Nestle embrace cultural and social diversity and does not discriminate on the basis of origin, nationality, religion, race, gender or age. Also, Nestle believes that is activities can only be of long term benefit to the company if they are the same time useful to the local community. exactly, the environment is changing very quickly and in particular customers are looking for answer  to their concerns. To our view, global thinking and strategies can best be expressed through local action and commitment as showed as Nestle Malaysia. And of course, Nestle practical think globally act locally as well as thinking out of the box idea in their product and distribution with the help of strategic global marketing. Milo, a brand of chocolate/malt powder beverage of Nestle, which is once known in the past as number one brand in customers mind in Thailand. But nowadays Milo is not that well perceived as before but another manager, Oval tine, had triumph the position and become market leader in the segment. With the character of Nestlà © that employ general marketing strategy such as cost direction in business, the company is currently struggling hard time finding the competitive advantage for Milo, when it comes to face to face with its main rival, Oval tine. The main goal of this marketing plan is to provide marketing strategies, Explain and predict sales Milo become the market leader in Thailand. Models and concepts of modeling, SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces analysis is being conducted to assist in the analysis of external factors. Product Milo the energy drink nestled into the Indian market in 1996. The responsibility of launching the drink in a market dominated by time tested Bourn vita and Boost was no easy task for Nestle. As the fifth player in the market for a coffee drink. , the drink was up against Bourn vita which had an enviable market share of 40% and SmithKline Beecham, a strong contender, especially in the south. After creating the worlds number one energy drink Milo and taste benefits, the attention shifted to presenting its emotional benefits too. Focus now on rebuilding brand image of a delicious energy drink into the extra energy to winning. New Milo is for active, growing children its energy releasing B vitamins give them the extra energy, vitality and stamina that make them winners. Milo, the chocolate milk beverage targeted essentially at teenagers in the urban marketplace is the fastest selling product here. The only surprise to find that rather than being grand children, senior citizens want to ma ke it your everyday bottle. Place Distribution is the most important thing next to sales. Sales are not possible if the distribution network is not effective. If product is not available in the market at the right place at the right time and the customer may lose a great product that can change it. Price The firm has several options for addressing the price. Domestically Nestlà ©s Milo manufactured finished products may be force to switch to offshore sourcing of certain component to keep costs and prices competitive. Another factor has been audited by the distribution in target markets. An extension or ethnocentric pricing policy describe that the per-unit price of an item to be the same no matter where in the world the buyer is situated. Nestlà ©s executive level monitor consciously on the freight and import duties according to the Malaysia market. Compliance or polycentric pricing policy allows the subsidiary or affiliate managers or independent distributors to create whatever price they feel is in very good condition. Price strategy Price strategy is a basic, long-term pricing framework, which establishes the initial price for a product and the intended direction for price movements over the product life cycle. The third type of pricing strategy is to manipulate prices, the pricing and the pricing is made available.  Malaysia, Nestle Milo current practice is that the market penetration pricing to charge relatively low price for a product where Nestle (Milo) initially as a way to reach a mass market. Choose the price strategy When Nestle Milo has decided the product price, they will choose a good pricing strategy that will give them direction of price movements over the Product Life Cycle. Nestle Milo are knowledgeable about higher prices. If the higher prices, they have to produce a good quality of Milo. In addition, competitors may affect pricing strategy. For example, if Nestle Milo introduces a new product that same with competitors, the price will be restricted and close to the price of competitors. But Nestle Milo able to differentiate and convince consumers they can set a higher price for the product. Promotion Using the consumer insight that mothers are driven by a need to support their sons hard work and help them succeed when under pressure, the agency launched an impressive ad campaign. The study showed that the campaign needs to Milo as a drink with two strong power delivery and taste perception. Thus a strategy was adopted wherein the agency targeted children belonging to the age group of 7-12 years and through them their mothers. The strategy worked and led to a 40% volume growth, with the market share growing to 8.8%. The agency came up with commercials addressed to children as the target audience and mothers as the secondary audience. The campaign proved to be successful with the drink emerging as the No. 2 brand in 3 out of 4 zones, and its market share growing to an impressive 11.4%. Not satisfied, the agency undertook another research, which revealed two issues that needed to be addressed immediately. Firstly the pester power, which in this category was not very high and secondl y, the fact that Milo s brand promise of winning was unfortunately being perceived as an advertising/ marketing claim. Hence Nestle embarked into yet another campaign, this time with the intention of improving the brand image by overcoming a mothers apprehensions and getting her to subscribe to the brand promise. Other than that it takes an active part in the sponsorship of sports event at both school colleges, they also distribute T-Shirts having Milo logo and other such apparel. This helps company to promote their product as well as build their Brand Awareness. Promotion Recommendation To make Milo being well-known all over the country, they should make a lot of  promotions which is dissimilar with the promotions that they have done before.Afterwehave  been  through  the  discussion,  we  have  all  agreed  that  Milo  can  wider  their  promotion by making a contest or a lucky draw. They just need to put a lucky number  behind the packaging and the end of the month, the will pick a lucky number and the lucky customer can redeem their price at the nearest Milos branch. Besides that, Milo can make a different packaging style. They should combine all their products in one pack that include mini pack of Milo powder, Milo energy bar, Milo fuse, and so much more. By doing this style of packaging, Milo can make all your delicious product promotion to a customer so that they are able to try all the products produced by Milo . If they interested with one or all the product, for sure they will but it again and again. This will increase the profit. .

William Shakespeare :: essays research papers

William Shakespeare, undoubtedly one of the best playwrights of all time, was born in April of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire. His parents were John Shakespeare, a whittawer, and Mary Arden Shakespeare. He was the third of eight children born to John and Mary and was their first son. They lived on Henley Street in Stratford. His baptism was on April 26 of that year at Stratford's Holy Trinity Church. His date of birth is assumed to be April 23. He went to Stratford Grammar School from the age of seven to fourteen. At the age of eighteen, on November 28, 1582, William was married by the bishop of Worcester, to Anne Hathaway of Shottery. Anne was seven or eight years older than him and was three months pregnant at the time of their marriage. Their first child together, Susanna, was born on May 26, 1583. Two years after that, Hamnet and Judith were born together. Shakespeare and his family most likely lived in the house on Henley Street. In 1592, Shakespeare's theater career took off. Robert Greene referred to him as an "upstart crow", and from that point on, everyone started paying attention to him. Other famous and notable literary critics also commented on Shakespeare. Shakespeare belonged to a number of acting companies in the beginning: The Queen's Men, Pembroke's Men, and Lord Strange's Men. But in January of 1593, a plague broke out and theaters all across London were closed. In December of 1594, Shakespeare has been noted to have started performing again. His new acting company was known as Lord Chamberlain's Men. The decade or so after that, was huge for Shakespeare. This was the time of The Great Globe theater where many of his best plays were performed. During this time, Shakespeare produced a steady line of hit plays, historical plays, comedies, and tragedies. In 1599 he finally became a part owner of the Globe. While all of this went on in London, Shakespeare's family resided back in Stratford, about 100 miles northwest of London. It is suggested that he often made trips to see his family and deliver them money.

An Analysis of William Carlos Williams Poem, The Young Housewife Essay

An Analysis of William Carlos Williams' Poem, The Young Housewife In this poem, Williams uses a series of images to capture a fleeting moment in time, an emotion of admiration and desire. The poem consists of three stanzas of varying length, and each share in a similar method in portraying the woman and the narrator's relationship with her. Each stanza starts out with somewhat broad statements about the scene, and as they each progress, they become more specific until the image is pinned down to a specific moment in time. After reading the poem the reader is left with three separate images, which describe the emotion/admiration felt by the narrator for the woman. Williams in the first stanza gives the reader a glimpse of the woman in "her husband's house". His description is somewhat voyeuristic, as the woman is in her negligee behind walls, and yet the reader is still able to see her. The poet also tells us the exact time, ten A.M.. This suggests that the woman while still in her negligee, is in no rush to prepare herself for the day. This is import...

Organizational Behavior-Syllabus Essay

I. Course Information Intelligence and technical knowledge will only take you so far in your work and private lives. My goal is to introduce you to behavior in organization (and of organizations) in a way that stresses you personal behavioral skill development. In other words, the course should help you assess your strengths and weaknesses and will stress how you can enhance and improve your management skills. To that end, the course stresses a mix of assessment tests for each chapter to give you a personal point of departure for learning and skill development, along with basic theory and cases and role plays to examine examples of situations and skills that we are studying. This is a hands-on course. I expect students to come to class prepared to learn and to participate! Course Objectives: 1) To provide students with knowledge and understanding of the basic principles of organizational behavior (i.e. human behavior in organizations). 2) The course includes both theoretical and practical aspects of OB and is designed to offer introductory knowledge, skills, and perspectives in OB that can be useful for students’ professional and academic careers. II. Course Learning Outcomes: On completion of this course, students should be able to: 1ï ¼Å½ Understand the basic principles of organizational behavior (i.e. human behavior in organizations). 2ï ¼Å½ Be equipped with introductory knowledge, skills, and perspectives in OB that can be useful for students’ professional and academic careers. Teaching and Learning Activities: 1. Lecture 2. In class exercises, small group discussion 3. Team Presentations 4. Final Exam III. Assessment In addition to attendance and engagement in classroom discussion, all items discussed in class including all materials assigned as ‘Required’ reading may be used to assess students’ progress in the class. The methods of assessment include the following: Personal Journal A skills-based OB course centers upon assisting you to assess your strengths and weaknesses, developing a learning plan to redress these and regular reflection about how you can apply the skills and concepts learned outside the classroom. Keeping a journal is the best way to facilitate this. To ensure you get off to a timely start, I shall ask for some specific assignments that constitute part of the journal to be handed in for credit. Examples include the self- assessment of strengths and weaknesses based upon the online assessment (class 2), and other individual exercises in the textbook. You can fulfill the first assignment online at http://www.passovoy.com/assessment/sal/quick.html. You are required to complete a minimum of 8 assessments. In some cases, you will be surprised by what you learn about yourself – both positive and negative. Each student is required to write a maximum two-page single-spaced typed write-up regarding what you learned about yourself. Final Exam A written in-class exam will be given on May 14, 2012. The format of the exam is a combination of multiple-choice and/true-false questions, and are based on lecture and text materials. Many questions are applied and require you to analyze and synthesize OB concepts. Please prepare early for the exams and come to class with any questions or concerns you may have prior to the exam date. Do not feel uncomfortable asking questions. Other students will also benefit from the discussion. Top Five Take-Aways This assignment provides a final opportunity for you to synthesize and share your learning with the class. Reflect on your learning in this class and write up a list of your â€Å"Top Five Take-Aways† from the course. Explain why you chose each concept, how you have utilized it in your own life, and how you think it will help you in your future role as a leader. There is no set length of the paper. That depends on your learning. You are required to turn in a hard copy. Single-spacing, please. Obviously you will not be graded on whether your choice of a learning point is valid or not. Your learning is your learning. Your grade will be based on how well you explain that concept’s application to your life. Your presentation in class will be fairly informal. Each member of the class will have about a minute or so to share a point or two about your most important learning from the course. It is simply an opportunity to reflect on your learning with your peers. Sometimes hear ing what is important to other people can also contribute to your own learning. Group Project Learning to work effectively in groups is a critical work skill. On day one, you will be asked to form groups (final membership to be handed into me by the third meeting. With your group, you will have two assignments. The first is to develop a team learning notebook, recording team responses to case discussion questions throughout the semester. The team learning notebook will be collected during the mid-point of the course (6th week), as well as the end of the course (12th week) . The second assignment is to conduct a 20 minutes presentation on a topic of your choice related to the topic on the day selected by your group. Further information will be given in class and sign up is on a first-come first –serve basis. If any group member expresses displeasure with group process and contributions of others shall used a peer evaluation form. Each individual’s contribution will be identified on the peer evaluation form I will provide and that will be confidential (i.e., your group members will not see your evaluation of their participation). All group members should participate equally to obtain full credit for the assignment. For example, if the assignment receives a grade of 8.5 out of 10 and your group gives you 100% participation rate, then you will receive the total 8.5 points. If your group gives you less than 100% participation, your grade will be adjusted accordingly. Evaluation of your peers should help you maintain an appropriate level of participation from all of your group members. IV.Course Policies Academic Dishonesty: Assignments found to have been plagiarized or an exam in which cheating is found to have occurred will receive a grade of ‘zero’.

Job Enrichment Essay

The cost of not applying this people-oriented philosophy is that workers become unmotivated, and dissatisfied which leads to low productivity and quality and high absenteeism and turnover rates. The average turnover rate in the building service industry is more than 100 percent. This means that if you have a crew of 10, you will have to hire more than 10 new people over the course of a year just to maintain your crew. You will spend a lot of time filling in for the employees who quit, adjusting work schedules, training replacements and answering a thousand questions from people who don’t have the authority or the knowledge to make decisions on their own. High turnover in the industry is even more significant for another reason: It means that we aren’t doing our job well as supervisors and managers. All levels of management must know how to work with people. Compensation and the work itself are factors, but management certainly shares responsibility when a worker quits. Study after study shows that workers can be motivated to work hard if they are involved, given responsibility and recognized. Job enrichment is one way to accomplish this. The Case For Job Enrichment Most employees are trying to reach the economic level at which their basic needs for food, shelter, health care, job security and the like will be fulfilled. Usually less fulfilled but equally important, are the employee’s intangible needs for knowledge, achievement and general self-satisfaction. These higher-level needs can be fulfilled only through work that is personally significant or meaningful to the employee. Meaningful work not only improves the motivation of employees and serves their human needs, but also increases their productivity and the overall effectiveness of the organization. 10 Meaningful work: ⠝‹ Involves employees in the identification and solution of problems that affect them and the organization. ⠝‹ Provides employees with the feeling – not the pretense – that they are personally contributing to the organization. ⠝‹ Provides employees with the opportunity to do the work they do best. If employees are performing meaningful work, they are highly involved in solving work problems that touch them personally and they share in the planning, organizing and controlling of what they do. With this comes increased understanding, achievement and stimulation, which combine to boost motivation and the organization’s effectiveness. One of the most effective ways to make work more meaningful is through vertical job loading or job enrichment. It goes a long way toward ensuring that the job satisfies people’s higher level needs and that employees are motivated to greater performance. Job enrichment can reduce turnover and give supervisors more time for work that cannot be easily delegated. Taking the time to build in motivators can result in increased job satisfaction and much smoother operations for your company. The argument for job enrichment can be summed up quite simply: If you have people on the job, use them. If you can’t use them on the job, let them go. If you can’t use them and you can’t let them go, you will have a motivation problem. Principles Of Job Enrichment Job enrichment is essentially a structured system of increasing employee responsibility and authority through effective, welldirected delegation. However, it is important to remember that only responsibility and authority can be delegated; accountability cannot. With that in mind, let’s look at the five principles of job enrichment. Principle 1: Remove controls. The first principle of job enrichment is to remove some controls while still retaining accountability. As dis- BSCAI Services Magazine November 2005 cussed above, the supervisor must always retain accountability but can remove or lessen some of the controls on subordinates when they are ready for it. Obviously, this can’t be done with employees who have just started on the job. If it is, they’ll be overwhelmed and confused, and the results will be disastrous— for them and for their supervisors. But it can and should be done when the employee is ready for it. Example 3. A lead person with a particular knack for training is made an on-the-job trainer. Example. When a cleaner has completed an initial training period, the supervisor checks on his work less often, perhaps weekly instead of nightly. Vertical Versus Horizontal Loading In this example, the employee has achieved a certain level of expertise. That achievement is recognized, not just with words, but also with actions. The fact that some controls are being removed demonstrates confidence in the employee. It increases the employee’s responsibility and control over his or her own work, and that improves motivation. Principle 2: Assign a complete natural unit of work. The second principle of job enrichment is to assign employees a complete project—a complete natural unit of work—whenever possible. Doing this increases their sense of accomplishment. They can see the results of their own work more clearly. It increases their accountability for that work and fosters pride in a job well done. Example. A cleaning team is given complete responsibility for everything within their area. Of course, the employees must see these as positive changes, and be interested in making them. Assigning new or specialized tasks recognizes some special ability in an individual employee, and it provides an opportunity for growth and advancement. One warning: It is important to distinguish between vertical job loading and horizontal job loading. Job enrichment involves vertical loading, or increasing the importance of the job upward. Horizontal loading merely increases the amount of work required without providing for growth and more responsibility. Here are some examples of horizontal job loading: ⠝‹ Rotating the assignments of a number of jobs that need to be enriched. This means general office cleaning for a while, then restrooms, then trash removal, etc. ⠝‹ Removing the most difficult parts of the assignment in order to free the worker to accomplish more of the less challenging assignments. ⠝‹ Challenging employees by increasing the amount of production expected. If the employee cleans 4,000 feet a night, see if he or she can clean 5,000. Principle 3: Give employees additional authority. The third principle of job enrichment is to give employees additional authority and freedom. Whenever possible, people should be given the authority to make decisions about their own work. Example. An experienced work crew is given responsibility for inspecting their own work. Obviously, the additional authority has to be realistic and consistent with the person’s job, and the person has to be ready for it. This is different from just piling on more work. It is giving the person some new authority and responsibility because he or she has demonstrated competence in other areas. This gives people recognition and a sense of achievement, and that again improves their motivation. Principle 4: Make reports directly available. The fourth principle of job enrichment is to make periodic reports available directly to employees rather than just to their supervisors. Example. Inspection reports are given directly to the crew responsible for cleaning the area. Again, this lets employees know that they are important. It gives them recognition, keeps them informed, and gives them direct feedback on their performance. Principle 5: Assign new or specialized tasks. The last principle of job enrichment is to assign people new or specialized tasks, enabling them to become experts. Example 1. A general cleaner is trained to become a floor machine operator. Example 2. An employee is given responsibility for quality control for an entire account or series of accounts. Circle No. 11 on Free Inquiry Card November 2005 BSCAI Services Magazine These examples of horizontal job loading do nothing to make a job meaningful and should be avoided at all costs. They actually reduce the employee’s personal contribution rather than providing an opportunity for growth within the job. In confusing horizontal for vertical loading, supervisors and managers often merely enlarge a job’s meaninglessness instead of enriching it. Developing A Job Enrichment Program Whether or not you apply these job enrichment principles depends on you and the people who work for you. While nearly everyone needs recognition and a sense of accomplishment, not all employees want more challenging work, additional responsibility, and a chance for advancement. Some workers may be meeting their higher level needs off the job, they may have other needs entirely, or they may simply lack the ability. Other employees, though, will have the potential and desire for more. They may need to be coached because of fear or a sense of inadequacy or they may need to be prodded because of a lack of ambition. But they should be encouraged to take advantage of opportunities, if they have the potential to better themselves and the company. For those employees who have the potential and the drive to move up, managers and supervisors have a responsibility to provide opportunities for further training and advancement. According to Steve Garcia, CBSE, of SMI Facility Services of Albuquerque, New Mexico, job enrichment begins when the employee is hired. The employee needs to feel that his or her employment is not a dead-end job. It should be explained to him or her that the goal of the company is to train, develop and promote employees.   And, notes Garcia, it is important that the company follows through with this process. â€Å"In most cases, company training involves learning only how to clean, which is fine, in the beginning, but I think shortly thereafter it should go a step further by teaching employees how to inspect, how to interact with customers and how to train new employees.† â€Å"Imagine telling your cleaner that you will be stopping by tonight to review an inspection report he has filled out himself,† he continues,â€Å"I think you will find in most cases the facility will meet or exceed the expectations of the company and the customer. Your employee will also feel his role with the company is more than just a janitor. He will realize he plays a key role in the entire process.† In addition, Garcia believes job enrichment allows a company to have a pool of well-qualified, loyal employees, which can move into higher positions within the company. Approach these jobs with the positive attitude that they can be changed even though years of tradition may have led managers and supervisors to believe that the content of the jobs is unchangeable. Get Employee Input Once the jobs are selected, the next step is direct participation by the employees whose jobs are to be enriched. Get a group of workers together to develop a list of changes that may enrich these jobs. They will be a valuable source of ideas and their participation will help ensure the success of any changes. Do not be concerned about the practicality of their suggestions at this time. Just generate a list without getting sidetracked into discussions about how they could be implemented. Once the list is complete, you and the group should screen the list to eliminate suggestions that involve dissatisfiers rather than actual motivation. (You may want to implement changes that eliminate dissatisfiers as well, but right now your focus should be on job motivators.) You should also screen the list to eliminate any horizontal loading suggestions. Be sure suggestions are specific and concrete. Generalities, such as â€Å"Give us more responsibility,† are very difficult to implement and are virtually meaningless. You want things you can carry out and measure or observe in some way. For example:The work team will inspect their own work nightly and the supervisor will inspect weekly. This actually gives the team more responsibility but in a specific, defined way that can be implemented and observed for its effectiveness. Use direct participation by the employees whose jobs are to be enriched. They will be a valuable source of ideas and their participation will help ensure the success of any changes. Implement The Program Once the job enrichment program begins, there may initially be a drop in performance. This is because changeover to a new job or way of doing things can lead to a temporary reduction in efficiency. But don’t lose faith! If the above steps are taken and the principles of vertical job enrichment followed, your employees will be motivated to achieve the growth and self-fulfillment they need and want. Clearly, job enrichment takes some work. It has to be built into a job. That takes some time and effort at the beginning but like good training, it will pay off with more motivated employees who are willing to work hard and capable of working independently. Ultimately that means improved motivation and job satisfaction. Select The Right Jobs The first step in putting job enrichment into practice is to select those jobs as candidates for job enrichment that meet the following criteria: $ Current attitudes are poor Motivation will make a difference in performance Changes will not be too costly This article was excerpted from the Building Service Management Program Volume Three – Motivation And Training. The program is a multi-volume training course that covers the technical aspects of cleaning and maintaining buildings as well as the management skills required in an increasingly complex and demanding industry. For more information on the program, contact BSCAI’s Information Central at 1-800-368-3414 or visit www.bscai.org go to the on-line store and click on publications. BSCAI Services Magazine November 2005